SOCIETY AND ECONOMY: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT
Significant climate changes caused by global processes are forecasted in the territory of Russia. In this regard the actual topic is consideration of the respective risks, which may be related not only to direct negative action of this factor but also adaptation to it and inaccurate forecasts. The offered procedure for the estimation of climate risks for Russian economy shows that they are relatively small or moderate, reaching peak levels in the central and siberian federal districts. When using information about risks in strategic planning, it’s important to keep in mind that often they are defined not by the intensity of the expected climate changes but the state of the territorial economic systems.
The analysis of foreign approaches to the assessment of efficiency of corporate training was carried out; holistic periodization of the forms and methods of assessment was presented. The evolution and interrelation of the stages of formation of corporate universities was described as a tool for training and development of personnel of an organization, with the forms and methods of assessment of corporate training results, which began to emerge in mid-twentieth century. Full chronology of the methods of assessment of corporate training from 1948 till 2016 was built for the first time; some of the methods are mentioned in national sources. The prerequisites and reasons of the sequence of emergence of the methods were described. The classification of the stages of evolution of the forms and methods of assessment of corporate training was suggested - basic, establishment, expansion, integration. The criteria of beginning and completion of the stages, as well as the reasons of affiliation and difference were described. The classification of all methods of assessment was suggested on the principle of the type of obtained result: qualitative, quantitative, and combined. The goal of the article is determination of the perspectives for development of the assessment of corporate training on the basis of the analysis of evolution of the approaches, with regard to the trend for active use of corporate universities in big business.
The characteristic of economic agents and forms of entrepreneurial support in the region was given. Positive trends and entrepreneurial development issues were noted. The results of annual questionnaire survey of entrepreneurs of Kemerovo region for 2014-2016 were presented. Main system measures for entrepreneurial development in Kemerovo region were defined. New trends for entrepreneurial support in financial, tax, legal and state regulation areas were named. The variant of system interaction of the subjects of entrepreneurial support was offered.
The article focuses on studying the objective and subjective barriers to youth employment in modern Russia. The analysis identified the reasons preventing the youth from integrating into the labor market. Despite the fact that the greatest importance is connected to objective barriers, subjective circumstances also play an important role in job-seeking. These include: laziness, inability to live independently and to take advantage of opportunities given to them; some negative attitude of employers. In this case, the younger generation connects emerging difficulties with environmental factors to a greater extent, adults believe them to be personality limitations.
The article is devoted to definition of the place of educational migration in the general classification of the types of migration movement of the population. The work shows the evolution of approaches to the definition of the concepts of migration and educational migration, presents the existing general classifications of the types of migration movements of the population, determines the role of educational migration in each of them. The novelty of the study is to determine the place and role of educational migration in various classifications of the main types of migration movements, as well as in the allocation of groups of educational migrants and their characteristics.
The authors systematized approaches to the classification of models of organizational development as a significant tool of change management theory. The author’s view on the problem of scientific organizations development in accordance with the chosen type of model was proved. The analysis of the correspondence of M. Beer’s and N. Nohria’s models of scientific organizations development to the concepts of organizational development was made. This analysis demonstrated the prevalence of the E model - the priority of financial goals and achievement of performance. Conclusions are made about the viability of implementing other types of development models, taking into account the specifics of scientific organizations activities. The results of models identification, as well as a theoretical analysis of their applicability, are the basis for the formation of a comprehensive methodology for change management and scientific organizations development, which is currently being investigated by the author’s team.
The paper gives assessment to some Russian and foreign scholarly approaches to the category of «network structures». The author comes to the conclusion that study of network structures in regional economy can be ensured by certain approaches such as subject-object, synergetic and geo-economic ones, which take into account different aspects of the network structures and the economic development of the territory (subject of the russian Federation). The essential characteristics of network structures within each of the above approaches are given.
STATISTICS AND ECONOMIC DIMENSION
The revelation of the fundamental regularities explaining financial and economic events in the information space is hindered since existent populations possess turbulence properties, generated by information reflection of the chaotic polysubjective environment. The specified property requires advancement of the approaches to solution of the methodological problem of the interrelation between empiric and deductive logical methods of scientific knowledge. The article considers the development of the research methodology of social and economic systems in the context of mutual coherence of theoretical provisions and results of research of the total populations possessing principal unsustainability property, resulting in the problematic of formation of the research learning samples, with regard to chaotic character, perturbation shifts and turbulence of the ever-changing polysubjective environment. The research objective is formation of the methodology, making it possible to verge towards the extension of the results of research of the learning theoretical samples to total populations via the introduction of such notion as cavitational trace of the turbulent populations in the information space on the basis of the total, qualitative approach. The approaches to formation of the theoretical learning samples, used in the analysis, are based on concentration of the information view of the objects, making it possible to reveal their hidden properties and obtain some research conclusion. The validity of application of the methodological approach to solution of the task of learning on the basis of the total (case) data model versus the «classical» probability data model is proved.
Sexual harassment becomes the spotlight of public attention more and more often, causing the most heated debates on the content, forms of display and other parameters. In essence, sexual harassment is one of the objects of scientific cognition which are hard to identify, its quantitative measurements raise a lot of questions. In this context the article analyzes various approaches to the definition of sexual harassment, the features are revealed, and the need for carrying out statistical studies of the scope of its expansion is proved. Methodological and applied matters of the comprehensive statistical characteristic of sexual harassment, seriously hindering the adequate assessment of such a complex and contradictory social phenomenon, are revealed.
The article discusses the possibility of determination of the factors, influencing academic performance, for the purpose of their management in the course of students learning at a higher educational institution. The factors are divided into two groups: internal, defined by the personality of a student, and external, set by the environment he is surrounded by. 27 factors are planned by theoretical analysis a priori. Sampling observation was conducted to gather statistical information about students of Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management: theoretical questions, scheme and tools of the sample design were developed; a survey was carried out. On the basis of the gathered statistical data time budget of a student is studied, average time expenditure is calculated for studies on weekdays and at the weekend depending on the gender, course, basis, direction and average grade in the last examination period. The characteristic of academic performance on the developed scale by courses is given, it is also estimated by average grade in the last examination period, and its dynamics over a period of students training is visible. The significant factors, influencing academic performance, both generally and by courses, were revealed using Pearson’s χ2-criterion, and their correlation ratio is estimated on the basis of the value of Cramer’s V The factorial analysis makes it possible select main factors using load values. The data were processed in «STATISTICA 10» software package.
FINANCE, ACCOUNTING AND ANALYSIS
The article contains a detailed analysis of methods of evaluation of financial reporting quality developed by overseas authors. The benefits and flaws of the methods in question are examined. The relevance of development of integral indicator used for estimating probability of distortion of financial results, incorporating specificities of financial reporting organization and industry specifics within Russian Federation. is substantiated.
The article analyzes the double entry as «the basic law of accounting». Recognition of double-entry as «law» is characteristic of the initial stage of formation of accounting as a scientific discipline. The presence in the structure of accounting theory law of double entry is allowed to declare accounting as science. Despite the fact that in the digraphical accounting methodology, each business transaction can be reflected by double entry, the existence of a double-entry law remains unproven. At the later stages of the development of accounting, a double entry was recognized as an element of the method, and, subsequently, a principle (postulate) of accounting. The author’s opinion is given in the article, according to which a double entry is a law that is derived from the system of axioms.
The article discusses the importance of the e-commerce market in the development of the country’s national economy. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the sale of goods through the Internet. On the basis of the conducted research the author’s scheme of mutual relations between participants of Internet trade for development of an innovative component has been offered. The novelty of the presented scheme is the reflection of the sequence of relations between the state and the e-commerce business for the development of the innovative economy, this mechanism can be activated by providing an investment tax credit. With the help of this tool, the state will allow the Russian industry to increase turnover in the production of innovative goods/ services and bring the e-commerce market to a new level. A new experimental innovative method for calculating the investment tax credit repaid by annuity payments is proposed, which allows calculating the amount of the investment tax credit taking into account the accrued interest on payments. Thus, e-commerce will promote the development of an innovative economy with access to new markets, increase competitiveness, reduce financial and time resources, etc.
FACTS, APPRAISALS, PERSPECTIVES
The agro-industrial complex is one of the most important strategic sectors of the economies of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. Despite the functioning in the conditions of the ongoing economic crisis and volatility of the global commodity markets, there have been positive trends in the agricultural sector of the Eurasian Economic Union. The article has developed promising directions for the development of a single agrarian market. The mechanism of unified state financial support in the agrarian sector of the economy of the countries of the is considered, taking into account the provision of equal competition in the context of strengthening agro-industrial integration.
The goal of the study was the assessment of the current levels of field concentration and regional specialization of the number of employees of small and medium business in Russia using Krugman indices. The study used the official statistics data for 2015 concerning the number of employees of small and medium business, located in 80 regions and specialized in 13 types of economic activity, the values of the indices of field concentration and regional specialization of small and medium business were defined in the course of the study. Comparison analysis of the changes in the values of the indices over the period from 2010 till 2015 was carried out. The regularities, specific to field concentration and regional specialization of small and medium business in Russia, were set out.
Authors considered results of development of a tourist industry of the Yaroslavl region, feature of regional government in the field is use of cluster approach. An attempt of simultaneous development of all types of tourism is made. However not always the taken measures resulted in desirable results. Basic reasons of insufficient development of separate types of tourism are given in article. The directions the most perspective for increase in amount of services of this sphere are offered.
BUSINESS INFORMATICS
In this article problems of marketing and marketing activity of trade enterprises in the territories subject economic; social and military blockade on the example of the Donetsk region are considered. In the course of work the list of indicators allowing to give an assessment to marketing and marketing activity of trade enterprise is created and also; the system and dynamic model of assessment of efficiency of marketing and marketing activity of the trade enterprise functioning in the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic is created. Feature of this model is the universality and an opportunity to use at various enterprises working in the sphere of trade.
SOCIOLOGY
Modern higher education, answering the demand of society for professional competence, seeks answers to questions about how professional education should arranged. There is a change of rules: the reproductive transmission of knowledge replaced by a new discourse of the formation competence in conditions of information overabundance. Professionalism and professional competence in information society receive new meanings, and the education system searches for productive ways of forming competence. The authors address the problems of organization and content independent work of students as a tool for implementing a competence approach. The writers emphasize that the competence approach presupposes a high involvement of the subject in educational activity, including through organization of independent work. Assessments of students’ satisfaction with organization and content of independent work on the basis sociological support for monitoring the quality of education at the university are given.
Social Network sites appearance extended the opportunity to disclose personal information in one-to-many communications, becoming a source to research self-disclosure in online context. Despite increasing amount of empirical research, the unified approach of self-disclosure study has not been developed. The article reveals, systematizes and analyses the most promising self-disclosure theories. The review of the research includes 53 studies published between 1999 and 2017 the analysis showed communication Privacy Management (cPM) is the most popular theory, which considers the greatest number of self-disclosure influencing factors.
The article is devoted to the analysis of specific features of labor activity motivation at the enterprises of rcket and space industry. Highly motivated and goal-oriented employees are the main driving force and valuable resource of any enterprise. This article considers the results of the author’s sociological survey conducted at KBhimmash im. A. M. Isaeva in the form of questionnaire. The goal of the research was to reveal motivational policy features of the enterprise and determine its effectiveness.
Currently, the city of Novosibirsk and the suburbs are experiencing serious migratory pressures, which arose because of the foreign migrants flows from near abroad countries. Arriving migrants do not adapt well, they practically do not integrate into the host community. In connection with this, various kinds of stereotypes regarding migrants arise in the receiving community, which are mostly negative, which leads to aggravation of migrant phobias and an increase in anti-migrant protest activity. The purpose of the study was to cover the issues of perceptions of migrants by local residents, as well as to characterize the level of rejection of migrants by the population.
THEORETICAL SEARCH AND OFFERS
The article considers the results of academic pursuits of the processes of formation, development and collapse of business career in banking organizations of Novosibirsk in the period of 2010-2016. The hypothesis of the study is that the social and economic modus of business career defines the mechanisms of localization and affirmation of the competitive edge of both the employee and banking organization in market environment. Cognition of the social and economic modus of business career of bank employees made it possible to reveal strategic alternatives to business career.
The article analyzes the organization of procurement activities at the Ministry of culture of the transbaikal territory it presents the data on the basis of the indicators, grouped by sample groups, conducted via monitoring with the use of the unified information procurement system website. it is revealed that procurement with regard to the stated executive body is carried out in accordance with approved nomenclature and codes of economic entrepreneurial activity, the results of the conducted study may be useful to contract managers and other specialists as the base for the analysis, carried out in the structural divisions of cultural domain in constituent entities of the Russian Federation.